Preface
Introduction
Chapter 1. Approaches to the Study of Metaphor
Introduction
Theoretical Approaches to Metaphor
The Applied Linguistics Trend: Discourse and Corpus Approaches to Metaphor
Metaphor in Expert and Student Argumentative Writing
Animate Metaphor in Theory and Research
Summary
Chapter 2. A Corpus-driven Approach to Metaphor Analysis
Introduction
Rationale for the Selection of Argumentative Essays and Editorials
The Corpus Data
Procedures for Linguistic Metaphor Identification in Corpus Data
Metaphor Data Coding
Summary
Chapter 3. The Presence and Nature of Linguistic Metaphor
Introduction
Inter-Rater Analysis and Quantitative Results in the Three Sample Texts
The Nature of Linguistic Metaphor in Students’ and Experts’ Writing
Linguistic Metaphor: Metaphorical Densities and Frequencies
Summary
Chapter 4. Word Class and the Grammatical Form of Metaphor
Introduction
Non-Native Student Corpus (spicl e)
Native Student Corpus (locness)
Experts’ Corpus (edi/exp)
The Word Class of Metaphor in Comparison and Contrast
Summary
Chapter 5. The Presence and Nature of Animate Metaphor
Introduction
Animate Metaphor in Students’ and Experts’ Writing
Animation Metaphor: Vehicle Terms and Topics
Summary
Chapter 6. Personification in Learners’ and Experts’ Corpora
Introduction
Non-Native Student Corpus (spicl e)
Native student corpus (locness)
Experts’ Corpus (edi/exp)
The Use of Personification Metaphor in Comparison and Contrast
Summary
Chapter 7. The Complex Nature of Animate Metaphor
Introduction
The Intertwined Nature of Animate Metaphor
The Textual Roles and Patterns of Animate Metaphor
Summary
Conclusions
Metaphor: A Multi-Faceted Phenomenon
Implications and Applications
Avenues for Future Research
Appendices
References
Subject index